The health and economic burden of podoconiosis in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of health outcomes with narrative synthesis of economic evidence

Lusaka, Zambia – A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis has shed critical light on the profound health and economic toll exacted by podoconiosis, a debilitating Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) endemic to parts of East Africa. The study, published by Plos.org, underscores the urgent need for enhanced public health interventions and resource allocation to combat a condition that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. Podoconiosis is a non-filarial lymphoedema, a chronic swelling of the lower limbs caused by prolonged exposure to irritant minerals in volcanic soils, particularly in highland areas. Unlike lymphatic filariasis, it is not caused by a parasite but by a geochemical reaction. The disease manifests as severe, painful swelling, disfigurement, and often leads to secondary bacterial infections, significantly impairing mobility and quality of life for those afflicted. The review meticulously examined health outcomes and synthesized economic evidence, painting a stark picture of a disease that traps individuals and communities in a cycle of poverty and ill-health. In Zambia, while not as prevalent as in countries like Ethiopia or Rwanda, cases of podoconiosis have been identified, particularly in areas with similar geological characteristics. The findings of this review serve as a crucial reminder for Zambian health authorities to remain vigilant and to strengthen surveillance systems, especially in regions with volcanic soil deposits or similar environmental risk factors. The economic implications are particularly severe; affected individuals often face social stigma, discrimination, and are unable to work, leading to significant loss of income for families and communities. The cost of treatment, even for basic hygiene and wound care, can be prohibitive for those living in extreme poverty. The research highlights that podoconiosis is entirely preventable through simple measures such as consistent foot hygiene and wearing protective fo