Africa can finally mine, beneficiate and industrialise on its own terms

LUSAKA – A new paradigm is emerging across the African continent, signalling a decisive shift in how nations, including Zambia, intend to manage their vast mineral resources. This evolving narrative, highlighted by recent developments such as Kenya's engagement with global powers, underscores a growing determination among African governments to beneficiate critical minerals within their borders, rather than merely exporting raw materials. Historically, Zambia, like many of its African counterparts, has been a primary exporter of raw mineral ores, predominantly copper. This model, while generating revenue, has often left the nation vulnerable to global commodity price fluctuations and deprived it of the significant value addition that comes from processing. The current continental push, articulated by leaders like Kenyan President William Ruto at international forums, advocates for a more equitable and economically beneficial approach. This involves developing local processing capabilities, fostering industrialisation, and creating a robust value chain that retains wealth within African economies. For Zambia, a nation whose economic backbone is deeply intertwined with its copper and cobalt reserves, this continental trend holds immense significance. The government has, in recent years, voiced intentions to move towards greater local processing and value addition in its mining sector. This is not merely an economic aspiration but a strategic imperative to diversify the economy, generate sustainable employment, and reduce reliance on external markets for finished products. By insisting on beneficiation, Zambia could unlock new industrial opportunities, from manufacturing copper cables and components to developing advanced battery materials using its cobalt. However, the path to full beneficiation is fraught with challenges. It requires substantial investment in infrastructure, technology transfer, skilled labour development, and a stable regulatory environment to at